Find out how our taste for beef may be leading to the destruction of the Amazon

Why is beef in demand?
Many of us enjoy a succulent sirloin steak or a comforting bowl of spaghetti and meatballs. But so, it seems, does the rest of the world. Emerging economies such as China and Russia are particularly fuelling the demand for beef, which is at an all time high. The global cattle population is around 1.5 billion and each cow requires around four hectares to graze which leads to deforestation to provide room.
Where does the Amazon come into this?
More than half of the Amazon (60 per cent) is found in Brazil. Brazil is by far the world’s biggest exporter of beef: in 2008 it was estimated to be worth $6.9 billion to the economy. The South American country is home to 200 million cattle which occupy the country’s agricultural land. The issue is that much of this land was formerly forest, cleared to make way for the cattle.
Greenpeace estimates that the cattle industry in the Brazilian Amazon is responsible for 14 per cent of the world’s annual deforestation – more than any other country. What’s more, demand is growing. The Brazilian government predicts that by 2018, Brazil will supply almost two out of every three tonnes of beef traded internationally, which requires a 93 per cent increase in exports. The concern is whether this rise is sustainable or not.

Cattle ranching is responsible for most of the deforestation
How is the demand for beef affecting the Amazon and the environment?
According to the Brazilian government, cattle are responsible for about 80 per cent of all deforestation in the Amazon. Over 70 million hectares of the Brazilian Amazon had been destroyed by 2008 – nearly 20 per cent of its original size. The demand for Brazilian beef is so high that an estimated one hectare of the Amazon is being cut down every 18 seconds to provide land for grazing cattle.
Pat Venditti of Greenpeace International says, “Forests help protect us from climate change by storing huge quantities of carbon. The Amazon alone stores so much carbon that if it were destroyed it would release about fifty times more CO2 in one go than the US does every year. We cannot tackle climate change unless we stop deforestation.”
How is the UK involved in this?
David Ismail, author of Beef, Brazil, WTO and the Future of Scotch Beef says that there are two types of beef products that enter the UK from Brazil: chilled steak cuts and pre-cooked beef products. Now that imports of Brazilian steak cuts have been restricted by EU controls, the focus is on the pre-cooked beef products, like your average ready meal.
Christopher Thomas-Everard, Chairman of the National Beef Association believes, the amount of beef coming into Britain from Brazil is minimal. “Imports of Brazilian beef were actually banned by European vets in January 2008, who found that there was no traceability in where cattle came from. They are now gradually increasing the number of farms that are licensed, but it’s still only around 300, compare to around 12,000 previously.”
However it appears that traceability is still an issue, as Greenpeace claims unscrupulous suppliers are selling meat from the Amazon to British companies including Tesco, Asda and Marks and Spencer, where it forms up to 40% of meat used in ready meals. All three deny this with Marks and Spencer saying, “We do not accept and have never used any beef from the Amazon region. We have been working with our Brazilian beef supplier for over 20 years and through the traceability measures we have in place we can ensure that all the product supplied to us by them is from the exact location we specify.”
Should I stop buying beef?
Ismail advises us instead to question the argument that free trade is always good, “Free trade helps the world economy turn, but in the context of a product like beef, the cheapest method of producing beef is to take over a zone of the Amazon rainforest,” he says. “Quite simply the future of the beef industry in Europe has become directly linked with the future of the Amazon rainforest, so ensuring that we buy European beef is integral in minimising the financial incentive to deforest the Amazon.”
There’s no need for you to forgo your favourite dishes though, it’s more important that you check the provenance of the beef that you do buy. By avoiding ready meals and sourcing British beef you’ll be supporting the economy and British farmers as well as cutting down on your food miles and, importantly, avoiding beef that may be linked to the deforestation of the Amazon.